taiping rebellion primary sources

The Warlords is a 2007 historical film set in the 1860s showing Gen. Pang Qinyun, leader of the Shan Regiment, as responsible for the capture of Suzhou and Nanjing. Hong Daquan's confession claimed that Hong Xiuquan had made him co-sovereign of the Heavenly Kingdom and given him that title, but was more likely an echo of an earlier but unconnected White Lotus Rebellion.

The war has also been depicted in a few television shows and films. Our family lead a very precarious existence, having to subsist in the best way we could. Qing forces were reorganised under the command of Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang, and the Qing reconquest began in earnest. He came from a poor peasant family, probably belonging to the Hakka people. By 1865, five of the eight viceroys were Hunanese.

Many of the southern Taiping troops were former miners, especially those coming from the Zhuang. The 14-year civil war combined with other internal and external wars weakened the dynasty but provided incentive for an initially successful period of reform and self-strengthening. Indexes popular American magazines from 1890 to 1982. Provides access to current issues of some Chinese newspapers in English translation.

[35], Soon after Hong began preaching across Guangxi in 1844, his follower Feng Yunshan founded the God Worshipping Society, a movement which followed Hong's fusion of Christianity, Daoism, Confucianism and indigenous millenarianism, which Hong presented as a restoration of the ancient Chinese faith in Shangdi.

A small remainder of loyal Taiping forces had continued to fight in northern Zhejiang, rallying around Tianguifu. [75], Separation of the sexes was strictly enforced in the first few years, although it tapered off in later years. With each conquered region, the Taiping government wanted a spiritual awakening for the people. Some Corner of a Chinese Field: The politics of remembering foreign veterans of the Taiping civil war. [73] Due to the religious aspects of the rebellion, the Taiping government perceived Westerners as "brothers and sisters from overseas".

[115] According to historian Eugene P. Boardman, the Qing dynasty's enforcement of the treaty of 18421844 was frustrating US and British officials, especially in terms of open trade. The prestige of the Manchu rulers was gone.

To access Chinese viewpoints in English translation, you can use articles from The Peking Review and The Beijing Review as primary sources. There were still several hundred thousand Taiping troops continuing the fight, with more than a quarter-million fighting in the border regions of Jiangxi and Fujian alone.

and in the Chinese government's response to them by creating and

The book, in one juan, has very high research value.

[118] According to Clarke, this refusal of cooperation and Taiping's occupation of Ningbo in December led to the limited intervention against the rebellion by the British and French in the following years. After the failure of the Red Turban Rebellion (18541856) to capture Guangzhou, their soldiers retreated north into Jiangxi and joined forces with Shi Dakai. system. Maochun Yu, "The Taiping Rebellion: A Military Assessment of Revolution and Counterrevolution", printed in, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLipman1998 (. [65][66] Du's forces led many non-Muslim forces, including Han Chinese, Li, Bai, and Hani peoples.

Basing itself on Qing sources about the Taiping, this study argues against PRC assumptions about the Taiping as a peasant rebellion. Most of the Taiping princes were executed. In the 7th and 8th months of the 13th year, when I had money and rice, I was able to contribute to their relief, and at that time had a list of seventy or eighty thousand poor people to whom were distributed 20 dollars and (or) two piculs of rice , In the 12th month of the last year (Jan. 1864) I was obliged to discontinue the distributions, as I was in distress myself and had neither funds nor rice. [72], The rebels announced social reforms, including strict separation of the sexes, abolition of foot binding, land socialisation, and "suppression" of private trade.

[10] In the 19th century, Western observers, depending on their ideology, referred to the Taiping as the "revolutionaries", "insurgents" or "rebels".

Though the destruction of idols was initially welcomed by foreign missionaries, missionaries eventually came to fear the zealotry of the Taiping that they had a hand in creating. ,Hyxb P#(uP{P)X=yz9P0`e@rB`VflBi!I4+ 5*'q7"-9_`ik;S,qJBy&qrh&g*7'IDrl7?\A:AR]k U./Qi. Instead the source was more instructive about Taiping Christianity and advocated unity among its people.

Li gave a detailed deposition, about 50,000 words long; one of the most important accounts of the Taiping Rebellion. They were not supported by foreign governments, but they bought modern munitions including firearms, artillery, and ammunition from foreign suppliers. General Zeng having however observed the men in the city dispersing, from his eminence on Zijin hill, then fired his mine, and his troops stormed the city from the Zijin and Dragons neck hills.

[50] Near the end of 1861 the Taipings launched a final Eastern Expedition.

Taiping troops surrounded Shanghai in January 1862, but were unable to capture it.

Taipings took their beliefs from many different sources.

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The Hong family [the family of Hong Xiuquans, the Heavenly King] consisted of three brothers; the two elder (Hong Renfa and Hong Renda) were by the fathers first wife, and Tianwang (Hong Xiuquan) was by the fathers second wife. Dingling was destroyed during a Qing campaign in 1868.

-The Indian Rebellion ended with almost complete British control over India.

Searchable full-text from ProQuest, with keyword searching and date limiting.

The Hunanese gentry, based on their experience with the Taiping, were more guarded against the influence of Westerners than other provinces. Its goals were religious, nationalist, and political in nature; Hong sought the conversion of the Han people to the Taiping's syncretic version of Christianity, to overthrow the Qing dynasty, and a state transformation. [97] This resulted in a massive civilian flight and death toll with some 600 towns destroyed[98] and other bloody policies resulting. Their victims did not know where the bandits had come from and, when they plundered Buddhist temples, they were mistaken for Chinese Muslims from Yunnan called Hui in Mandarin and Haw in the Lao language (Thai: .

Very few Taiping rebels, even in the leadership caste, came from the imperial bureaucracy. [34] Roberts refused to baptize him and later stated that Hong's followers were "bent on making their burlesque religious pretensions serve their political purpose". Both print and microfilm are located on the lower level of the library (see map).

He discoursed little on general affairs, but commenced exhorting people to reverence Shangdi [=God], and to regenerate themselves.

The scholar Jian Youwen is among those who refer to the rebellion as the "Taiping Revolutionary Movement" on the grounds that it worked towards a complete change in the political and social system, rather than working towards the replacement of one dynasty with another.

Webtaiping rebellion primary sourcestaiping rebellion primary sourcestaiping rebellion primary sources Both armies would attempt to push each other off of the battlefield, and though casualties were high, few battles were decisively won. [27] In later embellishments, Hong would declare that he also saw Confucius being punished by his celestial father for leading the people astray.

The Taiping rebels were seen chanting while slaughtering the Manchus in Hefei.

Li Bo's Tienkuo: The Heavenly Kingdom takes place within the Taiping capital at Nanjing.[112].

None but the above six were aware of it.

The Qing Dynasty made extensive use of Western support in the closing stages of the rebellion, relying heavily on Western war materiel and even the direct -

; Affairs at Ningpo Admiral Hope Finds Fault with the Rebels Proceedings of the Insurrectionists Distress at Shanghai How Foreigners are to be Protected", "Western colonialism - The Opium Wars | Britannica", "New Chinese Military History, 18391951: What's the Story?

Facebook. For example, when the Hakka settled in Guangdong and parts of Guangxi, speakers of Yue Chinese (Cantonese) were already the dominant regional Han group there and they had been so for some time, just as speakers of various dialects of Min are locally dominant in Fujian province. uprisings and they posed a serious challenge to a state weakened

[111] In Flashman and the Dragon, the fictional Harry Paget Flashman recounts his adventures during the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion. a special topic guide for researching revolution in China, 1895-1976, https://libguides.uky.edu/china-in-revolution, China, America and the Pacific: Trade and Cultural Exchange, China: Trade, Politics, and Culture, 1793-1980, Travel Writing, Spectacle and World History.

In the course of the interrogation Zeng Guoquan, who had been so ashamed of his troops cruelty, proved no less brutal. According to P. Richard Bohr, this is a Woodblock print of an unidentified Taiping leader. Currently available isCraven A and other Stories by Mu Shiying.

The Communist Party of the People's Republic of China began publication of this journal in 1958.

Because Hong saw Confucianism was a shadow of its noble origin, being now a tool of the Qing to tyrannize Han people, libraries of the Confucian monasteries were destroyed (almost completely in the case of the Yangtze Delta area),[74] and the temples were often defaced or turned into temples of his new religion or hospitals and libraries.

But in the end, all the suffering and sacrifices came to naught. Shows the locations of all the provincial attacking forces.

In May 1860, the Taiping defeated the imperial forces that had been besieging Nanjing since 1853, eliminating them from the region and opening the way for a successful invasion of southern Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, the wealthiest region of the Qing Empire.

notions of common property, land reform, equal position of women,

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Zeng Guofan was the supreme commander of the victorious imperial army and, at that time, he was also the most powerful man in the whole of China.

With Hong withdrawn from view and Yang out of the picture, the remaining Taiping leaders[who?] The China--Jiangsu Province--Nanjing, - In 2000 CCTV produced The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a 46-episode series about the Taiping Rebellion.

Also includes summary essays, a set of biographies of key figures, and external links to other digital resources. For additional information and contact information for many of the partner organizations, see this archived capture of the World Digital Library site from 2021.

[114], The government officials of the Western powers were optimistic about the Taiping government's chance of victory in the early stages. Taiping wars also spilled over into Vietnam with devastating effects.

On July 22, Li Xiucheng(; pinyin: L Xichng), the most famous and talented of the generals of the Heavenly Kingdom, was captured by imperial forces while he was trying to escape.

The Taiping rebels were successful in taking Hangzhou on March 19, 1860, Changzhou on May 26, and Suzhou on June 2 to the east. Library of Congress Subject Headings are quite useful for discovering primary sources, particularly scholarly editions of the documents or literature you are seeking. Children and toddlers, he wrote, some not even two years old, had been hacked up or run through just for sport. He had prohibited acts of violence, but there was nothing he could do to rein in the fury and greed of his army (see Stephen R. Platt:Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War, 2012, Chapter 16). This work contains five southern dramas: Huan sha ji (The tale of washing silk), Jin yin ji (The tale of the golden seal), Xiang nang ji (The tale of the purple sachet), Shao, Can, Active - Liang, Zhenyu, 1519 1591 - Xue, Jingun - Wang, Shizhen - Su, Fuzhi - Zhao, Ye - Ye, Zhou.

[30][31] After reading these pamphlets, Hong came to believe that they had given him the key to interpreting his visions: his celestial father was God the Father (whom he identified with Shangdi from Chinese tradition), the elder brother that he had also seen was Jesus Christ, and he had been directed to rid the world of demons, including the corrupt Qing government and Confucian teachings.

This collection contains formerly restricted British Foreign Office files dealing with China, Hong Kong and Taiwan between 1919 and 1980.

Historians debate whether these developments foreshadowed the Warlord Era, the loss of central control after the establishment of Republic of China in 1912. A small selection of material is listed below, for additional sources, please contact archives@pugetsound.edu.

It takes the form of a dialogue between Hong Rengan and a deserter from the Manchu camp, with Hong expounding upon various Taiping systems of etiquette and propriety and affirming that one must know that the motion of the celestial body is the order of nature.

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General Zeng having however observed the men in the city dispersing, from his eminence on, The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and Racial Discrimination in the UnitedStates, Western Values Asian Values: A Chinese Revolutionarys View on Western and ChineseFamily, Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War, Craven A and other Stories by Mu Shiying, Taiping rebel: The deposition of Li Hsiu-cheng, Legalist Philosopher Li Si and the Burning of Books During China's Qin Dynasty, The Concept of Face in Chinese Culture and the Difference Between Mianzi and Lian, 'Pretty, Innocent Asian Girls': The Cult of Cuteness in East Asian Societies, The Chinese Revolution of 1911 - The Founding of the Republic of China, The Traditional Roots of Parental Pressure and Academic Success in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, Brainwashing the people - Mao Zedong, the Chinese Communist Party and the politics of thought control, Hong Kong Housing Problem - From The 1950s To The Present, The Rise and Decline of Hong Kong - From the British Colonial Era to the Chinese Communist Takeover, Chinese MMA Fighter Xu Xiaodong has social credit score lowered to "D", is barred from buying plane tickets and real estate.

In 1851, Hong Xiuquan established Taiping Tianguo (the Celestial Kingdom of Great Peace) in parts of China the Taipings controlled and took the title of Celestial King. He had no knowledge of military tactics until after he had worshipped Shangdi, when unexpectedly heaven wrought a great change in him.

History 344: Resistance, Rebellion & Revolution in China, 1800-present, China--History--Taiping Rebellion, 1850-1864--sources.

Tianguifu and few others escaped but were soon caught and executed.

- [114] That change was captured in a letter from the American missionary Divie Bethune McCartee.

On July 19, 1864, after a months-long siege, the city of Nanjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom(; pinyin:Tipng Tingu), was stormed by forces of the Qing imperial army.

London: Ernest Benn, 1962. p. 239.

Combine the information on rebellions with foreign encroachment. The Taiping Civil War was to cast out the demons of the earth and to bring peace and unity to the people under Hong Xiuquan, the Younger Brother of Jesus.

Estimates of the overall size of the Taiping army are around 2,000,000 soldiers.

Relief shown pictorially.

[51] Some of his followers escaped or were released and continued the fight against the Qing. A digital library of images in the areas of art, architecture, the humanities, and social sciences, with a set of tools to view, present, and manage images.

This piece of literature was written to accomplish a spirit of unity to the Taiping kingdom.

For seven days he was in a trance, and when at the end of that time, he again became conscious, he was much given to peculiar or insane conversation. -

Li Xiucheng, the captured Taiping general, was Zengs most precious booty of war.

Zeng Guofan had initially failed so badly that he attempted suicide, but he then adopted the teachings of the 16th century Ming-dynasty general Qi Jiguang.