comparative research titles examples for highschool students
The Pros And Cons Of The Public Healthcare System. A fourth method was noted in studies that used less rigorous methods of selection of sample and comparison of prior achievement or similar demographics. This eliminated concerns that the materials or the conditions of educational practice have been altered during the intervening time period. Further-. First, there were studies whose designs were limited by the ability or performance level of the students in the samples. One could ask the question of whether this approach as a whole is effective. It is beyond the charge and scope of this report, but is a worthy target of investigation if one uses proper care in design, execution, and analysis. As it is often difficult to check such assumptions, it is advisable, when time and resources permit, to use several different methods of analysis to determine whether a replicable pattern of results is obtained. Research papers are common assignments in high school systems worldwide. evaluations of the NSF-supported curricula and UCSMP than about the evaluations of the commercial programs. The theoretical fully specified model is an alternative to randomization by including relevant variables and thus allowing the unbiased estimation of the parameter.
The NSF RFP also specified the inclusion of situations from the natural and social sciences and from other parts of the school curriculum as contexts for developing and using mathematics (NSF, 1991, p. 1). Shining light on some exciting correlations between these two fields can be engaging. Twelve studies used ANCOVA or Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to study disaggregation by subgroup, and two reported on comparative effect sizes. In the spirit of scientific rigor, the committee sought to consider rival hypotheses that could explain the data. Here is a wide range of topics on biotechnology and its relation to agriculture, nanotechnology, and many more: Self-sufficient protein supply and biotechnology in farming Evaporation vs. evapotranspiration DNA cloning and a southern In these cases, whole test scores may mask essential differences in impact among curricula at the level of content topics, reporting only average performance. The following mental health topics for high school research papers will put you in a position to contribute to this very important movement. How Did Online Streaming Platforms Help Music Evolve? The "ex post facto" causal-comparative study examined the academic achievement of high school students who took their dual credit English or mathematics SOURCE: Huntley et al.
Comparative evaluation study is an evolving methodology, and our purpose in conducting this review was to evaluate and learn from the efforts undertaken so far and advise on future efforts. To this end, for each study, we counted across outcome measures the number of findings that were positive, nega-. Rather, they tend to be natural groupings that are likely to differ in various ways. The Functions, Statistics, and Trigonometry sample averaged 41 percent correct on these items whereas the U.S. precalculus sample averaged 38 percent. This figure and a display (Figure 5-7) in a study by Senk (1991, p. 18) of students mean scores on Curriculum A versus Curriculum B with a 10 percent range of differences marked represent two excellent means to communicate the kinds of detailed content outcome information that promises to be informative to curriculum writers, publishers, and school decision makers. "Academic present a mixed picture with some bright spots, with the majority showing no significant difference.
Again we emphasize that due to our call for increased methodological rigor and the use of multiple methods, this result is not sufficient to establish the curricular effectiveness of these programs as a whole with adequate certainty. Although these results are subject to revision, based on the potential weaknesses in design of many of the studies summarized, the form of analysis demonstrated in this chapter provides clear guidance about the kinds of knowledge claims and the level of detail that we need to be able to judge effectiveness. level band specified by the committee for the selection of that program. The committee that produced this book consisted of mathematicians, mathematics educators, and methodologists who began with the following charge: The committee collected, reviewed, and classified almost 700 studies, solicited expert testimony during two workshops, developed an evaluation framework, established dimensions/criteria for three methodologies (content analyses, comparative studies, and case studies), drew conclusions on the corpus of studies, and made recommendations for future research. It is common for evaluators to conflate issues of representativeness for the purpose of generalizability (external validity) and comparativeness (the selection of or adjustment for comparative groups [internal validity]). By 3rd grade, the number of classes increased to 29 while the number of original students decreased to 236 students. As we saw in one study, where Asian students were from poor homes and first generation, any subgroup can be an at-risk population in some setting, and because gains in means may not necessarily be assumed to translate to gains for all subgroups or necessarily for the majority subgroup. 
Studies using multiple categories of disaggregation were counted multiple times by program category. Our analysis was conducted across the major content strands at the level of NSF-supported versus commercially generated, initially by all studies and then by grade band. lego howl's moving castle instructions does tulane have a track comparative research titles examples for highschool students. This discontinuity can emerge in scores on college admission tests, placement tests, and first semester grades where nonreform students have shown some advantage on typical college achievement measures. Therefore achieving modest gains across all ability levels with evidence of accelerated progress by at-risk students may still be criticized for failure to stimulate the top performing student group adequately. Interpreting that final proportion of no significant difference is essential.
TABLE 5-3 Number of Studies Using a Variety of Outcome Measures by Program Type, In our first review of the studies, we coded what methods of statistical evaluation were used by different evaluators. Twitter.
For example, Wasman (2000) conducted a study of one school (six teachers) and examined the students development of algebraic reasoning after one (n=100) and two years (n=73) in CMP. Many of these practices conflict directly with the recommendations of the authors of the materials. Similarly, these results do not take into account differences in the populations sampled, an important consideration in generalizing the results. Table 5-6 shows results of an analysis of a multiple-choice algebraic posttest using class means as the unit of analysis. 
Programs are coded by grade band: black bars = elementary, white bars = middle grades, and gray bars = secondary. There are also a number of possible hypotheses that may be affecting the results in either direction, and we list a few of these: Examining the role of the teacher in curricular decision making is an important element in effective implementation, and design mandates of evaluation design make this impossible (and the positives and negatives or single- versus dual-track curriculum as in Lundin, 2001). How? Our experts can deliver a Experiment essay. These researchers conducted transcript analyses as a means to examine student persistence and success in subsequent course taking. Specific Topic Examples Regarding Education. These results are shown in Figure 5-11, which is broken down by content strand, grade level, and program type. Given the weaknesses in the designs generally, often these alternative hypotheses cannot be dismissed. Analyses should examine whether gaps in scores between significantly disadvantaged or underperforming subgroups and advantaged subgroups are decreasing both in relation to eliminating the development of gaps in the first place and in relation to accelerating improvement for underserved youth relative to their advantaged peers at the upper grades. TABLE 5-11 Percentage of Outcomes by Test Type and Program Type. Typically, pilot sites have unusual levels of teacher support, whether it is in the form of daily technical support in the use of materials or technology or increased quantities of professional development. were conducted for long or frequent time periods. By - March 14, 2023. If a quasi-experimental design is selected, it is necessary to establish comparability. As Figure 5-1 shows, there were quite a few comparative studies of Everyday Mathematics (EM), Connected Mathematics Project (CMP), Contemporary Mathematics in Context (Core-Plus Mathematics Project [CPMP]), Interactive Mathematics Program (IMP), UCSMP, and Saxon.
These were treatment fidelity, disaggregation by content, use of multiple tests, use of effect size, generalizability by ability, and generalizability by sample size. Again, subsequent designs should be better informed by these findings to improve the likelihood that they will produce less ambiguous results and replication of studies could also give more confidence in the findings. It appears that classrooms and schools are the most likely units of analysis. Finally, the studies on NSF-supported materials were disaggregated by subgroups for 28 studies. McDonalds and Burger King: Explain how these two fast food chains similar or different from each other. In addition, prior achievement of students must be considered. 
Establishing comparability was a secondary concern. WebThrough a qualitative and then quantitative study, the current research examined the suitability of the most popular existing FLA questionnaire, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), for use with students of English in Saudi Arabia. (2001) compared the performance of UCSMP students with the performance of students in a more traditional program across several measures of achievement. Using the selected student outcomes identified in the program theory, one must conduct an impact assessment that refers to the design and measurement of student outcomes. This finding may suggest that in studies of effectiveness, specifying comparative treatments would provide more rigorous tests of experimental approaches.
Does the dearth of pure experimentation render the results of the studies reviewed worthless? Our environment has been a hot topic for quite some time now. Of these 95 comparative studies, 65 were studies of NSF-supported curricula, 27 were studies of commercially generated materials, and 3 included two curricula each from one of these two categories.
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How Can Patient Management Systems Save Money In Hospitals? To examine this issue, we conducted an analysis of the studies that reported their results by content strand. more, more sophisticated accounts would begin to permit, across studies, finer distinctions to emerge, such as the effect of a program on young African-American women or on first generation Asian students. We report the results of the studies disaggregation by content strand in our reports of effects. An advantage in SIMMS is that the kids in SIMMS tell me that they really understand the math. In the Hirsch and Schoen (2002) study, based on a sample of 1,457 students, scores on Ability to Do Quantitative Thinking (ITED-Q) a subset of the Iowa Tests of Education Development, students in Core-Plus showed increasing performance over national norms over the three-year time period. To link these measures to the overall evaluation, they articulated an explicit model of cognition based on how one links an applied situation to mathematical activity through processes of formulation and interpretation.
In summarizing these 26 studies, the first consideration was whether representative samples of students were evaluated. In addition, the committee encourages further study and deliberation on the use of more complex approaches to the examination of equity issues. Percentage of significant difference was only recorded in one comparison within each one of these filters. The results are due to evaluator bias because too few evaluators are independent of the program developers. This suggests the possibility that when a specified curriculum is compared to an unspecified curriculum, reports of impact may be inflated. A valuable outcome of a well-conducted evaluation is to determine not only if the experimental curriculum could ideally have a positive impact on learning, but whether it can survive or thrive in the conditions of schooling that are so variable across sites. These results are presented only for the purpose of stimulating further evaluation efforts. The lesson to be learned from these reanalyses is that the choice of unit of analysis and the way the data are aggregated can impact study findings in important ways including the extent to which these findings can be generalized. Careful attention to the issues of content strand, equity, and interaction is essential for the advancement of curricular evaluation. senior carers recruitment agency; comparative research titles examples for highschool students. Discuss The Major Entrepreneurship Theories. The correlations between these variables were weak but significantly different (0.26 for control groups and 0.35 for Core-Plus). Should More Counselors Work In High Schools? Since there are many research paper ideas for high school students, we didnt want to just provide you with a list. 
There were 67 coded studies of the NSF curricula, 11 studies of UCSMP, and 17 studies of the commercial publishers. Gathering these data to gauge the level of implementation fidelity is essential for evaluators to ensure adequate implementation. SOURCE: Re-created from Senk (1991, p. 18). Of the 46 included studies of NSF-supported curricula, 19 disaggregated their data by student subgroup. (2000) compared the performance of CPMP students with students in a traditional course on a measure of ability to formulate and use algebraic models to answer various questions about relationships among variables. Probabilitie s are estimated for each significant difference. Writing a well-structured and organized research paper is key to teaching students how to make critical connections, express understanding, summarize data, and communicate findings. We will be glad to review your application in the future. Examining each of these issues in isolation can mask some of the overall effects of curricular use. Because any innovation has its costs, the question becomes one of cost-effectiveness: Are the differences in student achievement large enough to warrant the costs of change? These two analyses of programs by grade-level band, content strand, and equity represent a methodological innovation that could strengthen the empirical database on curricula significantly and provide the level of detail really needed by curriculum designers to improve their programs. (2000). Below you can find ten topics you can use as inspiration. If history is something that has you on your toes, youll find the following world history research topics for high school fascinating. The percentage for those with the correct unit were (.30, .40, .30) compared to (.63, .01, .36) for those that used the incorrect result. The truth is that conducting definitive comparative studies is not simple, and many factors make such an approach difficult. The second condition requires that the treatment is administered reliably during the length of the study, and is assured through the careful observation and. Percentage of students who achieved the standard.
Too broad topics will wear you out, and you might fail to meet the deadline. The data from these evaluations at the elementary level generally present credible evidence of increased success in engaging minority students and students in poverty based on reported gains that are modestly higher for these students than for the comparative groups. To establish if there is a treatment effect, one must logically rule out as many other explanations as possible for the differences in the outcome variable. In some of the studies, it appeared that the comparison was not used as a means of selection, but rather as a more informal device to convince the reader of the plausibility of the equivalence of the groups. Limiting the consumption of junk foods in teens. A study was coded as positive if it either reported on the professional development provided on the experimental group or reported the data on both treatments. Seldom can such conditions be assured for all students and teachers and over the duration of a year or more. It is essential to know what the treatment was, whether it occurred, and if so, to what degree of intensity, fidelity, duration, and quality. 
For these reasons, at times we will present the summary of UCSMPs data separately. Outcome data should include a variety of measures of the highest quality. Basketball and football: Popularity, speed of play, dependency on athleticism, Figure 5-1 shows the distribution of comparative studies across the 14 programs. In the case of the studies of commercially generated materials, significantly different results occurred in the categories of ability and sample size. 
Has The Worlds Leading Countries Response To Climate Change Improved Or Declined Over The Last Decade? We would recommend that all comparative studies report on both between and within comparisons so that the audience of an evaluation can simply and easily consider the level of improvement, its distribution across subgroups, and the impact of curricular implementation on any gaps in performance. A second reason is that random assignment of classrooms to curricular treatment groups typically is not permitted or encouraged under normal school conditions. As can be seen from the analyses, in neither statistical test was the difference between groups found to be significantly different (p < .05), thus emphasizing the importance of using the correct unit in analyzing the data. Thirty-eight studies did this; the breakdown is shown in Table 5-12 by type of curricular program and grade band. Many of the strengths and innovations came from the evaluators understanding of the program theories behind the curricula, their knowledge of the complexity of practice, and their commitment to measuring valid and significant mathematical ideas. In this case, there were six filters that produced a probability that differed significantly at the p < .1 level.
Can Daily Exercises Benefit Mental Health? Tests should also include content strands to aid disaggregation, at a level of major content strands (see Figure 5-11) and content-specific items relevant to the experimental curricula. When studies only examined performances of a group over time, such as in some longitudinal studies, it was coded as quasi-experimental normed. It would be a mistake to focus evaluation efforts solely or primarily on performance on entry-level courses, which can clearly function as filters and may overly emphasize procedural competence, but do not necessarily represent what concepts and skills lead to excellence and success in the field. Using this rubric, the committee identified a subset of 63 comparative studies to classify as at least minimally methodologically adequate and to analyze in depth to inform the conduct of future evaluations. We report the results of the studies disaggregation by subgroup in our discussions of generalizability.
The only exception to this was the ARC Implementation Center study (Sconiers et al., 2002), where three NSF-supported elementary curricula were examined, but in the results, their effects were pooled. These variables were given the greatest weight in the matching process. What Are The Alternatives To Standardized Testing? Across all 63 at least minimally methodologically adequate studies, 44 percent reported some type of implementation fidelity measure, 3 percent reported and adjusted for it in interpreting their outcome measures, and 53 percent recorded no information on this issue. A diverse set of effective curricula would be ideal. However, in the next section, we describe a set of analyses carried out by the committee that permits us to examine and consider the impact of various critical evaluation design decisions on the patterns of outcomes across sets of studies. Explain the role of intonation in oral communication of the English Out of a total of 72 possible tests, only 11 produced a probability that differed significantly at the p < .1 level. After reviewing these studies, the committee observed that examining differences by gender, race, SES, and performance levels should be examined as a regular part of any review of effectiveness. Often in the experimental treatment, top-performing students are missing as they are advised to take traditional sequences, rendering the samples unequal. However, a key issue in determining the degree of confidence we have in these evaluations is to examine how they have identified, measured, or controlled for such confounding variables. One can see that the potential confounding factors of teacher effects, in terms of the provision of professional development or the measure of teacher effects, are not adequately considered in most evaluation designs. If you need a science research topic for high school students, feel free to use any of the following. Feel free to jump to a category that you find the most engaging. 19-20). Most of the studies reported on multiple grade levels, as shown in Figure 5-2. The authors explicitly compare the items from the standard Geometry test with the items from the UCSMP test and indicate overlap and difference. In this school, the top 25 percent of the students are counseled to take a more traditional algebra course, so her experimental sample, which was 61 percent white, 35 percent African American, 3 percent Asian, and 1 percent Hispanic, consisted of the lower 75 percent of the students. Here at StudyClerk, we know how hard it is to complete all assignments in time and ace all your grades. The control group should use an identified comparative curriculum or curricula to avoid comparisons to unstructured instruction. With 84 percent of the comparisons showing no significant difference after filtering, we suggest the results of the studies were relatively robust in relation to these tests. First, it is advisable to use randomization at the level at which units are most naturally manipulated. Those studies. 45 Good Research Topics for Why? We believe that a quality study should at least report the array of curricula that comprise the comparative group and include a measure of the frequency of use of each, but a well-defined alternative is more desirable. Because studies coded as limited by ability were restricted either by focusing only on higher achieving students or on lower achieving students, we sorted these two groups. 1. Healthcare and finance go hand in hand.