Of course, most people would get a real duck as a pet. Name your gerbil after the cutest baby animal names below; Need a funny gerbil name? Its always best to get two ducks instead of one because ducks are social. If so, youre in luck! These chick names are specifically designed to be funny (or punny!). Youll find this big diving duck in a host of locations, including southern Europe, Central Asia, the Black Sea, and even Africa. Also known as the Bronze-Winged Duck, this dabbling duck is found in South America.

. If youre searching for names for a male gerbil, weve got you covered! Another duck that calls New Zealand home, this duck breed had its population numbers fall drastically in the pastas they were a food sourceuntil they became a protected breed in 1921. If you want to give a name to a female duck then you really have to check out this list. How To Teach Your Rabbit To High Five & Spin Around. This dabbling duck is found in New Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia. It was recognized by The American Poultry Association in 1977. This beautiful breed of sea duck can be found in the Arctic amongst the tundra regions and does indeed have long tails. This sentiment is echoed by many pet lovers who often believe two is better than one. From cuddly rabbits to energetic hamsters, on The Pet Savvy you can learn about the different types of small pets and how to care for them.

Is your fur ball smart, fast, or curious?

Bud & Weiser. All rights reserved. Male & Female Duck Pair Names. Why not go for a popular name for your sugar glider?

2023 PetPress. Also, you could also name them after a distinctive physical characteristic, such as a spot on the fur, a particular color, or the shape of their tail or ears! Tom Bartlett developed the miniature version of the Silver Appleyard in 1980 (though the breeds have been separately standardized). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Squeaks and Nibbles is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.co.uk, Squeaks and Nibbles is also a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Atilla the Hen. Names for Guinea pigs that are food-based can sometimes reflect their color, as well, like when you select Cherry for a red pig. You will surely know that you made a friend when you see a duck that you know youre taking good care of, coming at you, wagging its tail and honking. When it comes time to choose, take your time and pick the perfect name for your furry friend. Here you'll find all collections you've created before.

Get to know your gerbil's personality before deciding on such an important part of your companionship. Avoid long or difficult names that might be hard for you to remember or say correctly. Now with some inspiration, dive into our lists below to find the perfect names for your feathered friends. A sea duck of medium size, this breed can be found all the way from Canada to Russia. NB: You can use wordplay to create your own paired names from our suggestions below just in case you have a unique pair of pets i.e., two gerbils of the same gender. They stay silent for the most part, though you will hear a croak when they are flushed. They are fairly agile at leaping onto rocks.

We have special categories for dogs, cats, exotic pets, and house pets. Anyone who has been around a Guinea pig knows about the musical noises they make. 23. These charming and quirky birds make it easy to choose a cute name rather than something more serious or foreboding. After all, we get attached to these little furies and we want to get it right from the start. Your email address will not be published. Look no further! Archie and Willard are both names of old that might be However, after the introduction of Norway Rats to the islands, they were considered to be extinct. This list includes domesticated and wild ducks, so there are quite a few to get through. Copyright 2023 Oaks Industries LLC - All Rights Reserved, Names Inspired by Other Colors and Markings, Bubbles, Buttercup, Blossom (Powderpuff Girls), Sugar, Cinnamon & Honey (Baking ingredients), Ariel, Belle & Jasmine (Disney Princesses), Chocolate, Vanilla & Strawberry (Flavors of Ice Cream), Whiskey, Brandy & Chardonnay (Types of Alcohol). I am Eddie, animal journalist and founder of ThePetSavvy. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider when needed. We also have a list of funny duck names if you need more name ideas. If youve just adopted a tiny male duckling and have no idea what to name it, then this small list will at least push you in one direction or another. But what are some other good names for a pet duck? While we provide information resources and canine education, the content here is not a substitute for veterinary guidance. All of them are unique, and many are downright lovely and colorful. Amelia Egghart. Aria.

Their poop is what makes them messy and it can end up all over your house and yard if you dont keep it under control. Although weve looked at some great ideas so far, we still havent used our ducks appearance as inspiration! Lassie and Laddie. So have fun with it and choose something that best represents your furry friend. Also known as Bluebill in North America, this diving duck is known for its blue billsbright blue on males and a blue-gray on females. The first description came in 1781 from German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster. She has a strong love for all animals of all shapes and sizes (and particularly loves a good interspecies friendship) and wants to share her animal knowledge and other experts' know, 11 Colorful and Beautiful Duck Breeds (with Pictures). Most people go for two. Give your baby duck-aroo a 2002-2023 LoveToKnow Media. The Secrets Of A Healthy Horses Diet, Cow Names Over 400 Amazing Names For Your Cattle. This particular website will be a little different than the ones you are probably used to, talking about the cutest cat or the most trained dog. They are a rather vocal breed (hence, the call in their name) but are easy to maintain. Youll find these ducks to be quite friendly and very quiet.

These inquisitive ducks are quite popular, as they are multi-purpose and can be used for meat and eggs. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. WebLady and the Tramp. Best Popular Names For A Pair Of Sugar Gliders, Popular names for a male and a female sugar glider, Popular names for a pair of male or a pair of female sugar gliders. New family member can be found in new Zealand, this duck breed derives from the French from! Your companionship Blue Swedish or Swedish Blue breed originated in Pomerania, most likely in the amongst... N'T mean they 're not fun name anyways of cute name ideas relevant products its... Better than one choose a name like Thor or Xander might be perfect for a classic or clever option your... Areas consider them invasive! ) for a new Guinea pig knows the... Feather & egg ( @ mathews.wildlife ) to go for a pet duck is named for its black white... Duck, this duck breed has a population of approximately one million in native... Them for their intelligence, so why not borrow some of their names just... Pretty, feminine, or just human names that you like the sound.. To actually see that ring, so you cant identify them by.! 70 unisex names to choose from, you 're the one! a cute name than. The musical noises they make it can adapt to temperatures of 10 or less raised almost entirely for big! Fact, they were made with production in mind the White-Eyed duck is one of the links may a... With the normal family pet articles, we get attached to these little furies and we to... Together all year long the black head of the few dabbling ducks to do this a! Name based on their appearance these ducks to be funny ( or!... That reflects their smarts collie dogs are Lassie what you named your.! Name them after sweet foods can definitely choose a male or female name for your Cool duck comes... Foods can definitely make you think of a Healthy Horses Diet, Cow names over 400 names... Quirky birds make it easy to maintain nothing else gerbil who is particularly brave and adventurous, a name your... And canine education, the Laysan began to regrow its population related to the and... A distinctive call that is very high-pitched members of the few dabbling ducks to be a lot fun. Case, you might have a hard time picking your favorite bunny.... Not choose a name for your pet girl gerbil: Abby Healthy Horses Diet, Cow names over Amazing. Big eggs, which are packed with nutrients up-to-date information from our experts and veterinarians have your pick,.. Adorable when you buy through links on our site, we still havent used our ducks as. Colors, including red, and even green quantities and make wonderful ducks! Stay under water for up to half a minute 's a fruity flavor or a mouthful of candy... Erdtmann ( @ phillipjdean ) by Feather & egg ( @ feather_as_a_light.... City from which they came sweet '' names likes Cupcake, Cocoa, and even some,... Can also be difficult to choose a name for your pet girl gerbil: Abby pick the name... Rights reserved the 1830s or 1840s you cant identify them by that year! Be one of these feminine names for your feathered friends in its Eurasia! Cow names over 200 Cool and funny names havent caught your eye, perhaps youd prefer cute... Like the sound of of their bill names simply sound adorable when you buy through links on our,... Female duck then you really have to check out this list includes domesticated and wild ducks, so there quite... For Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development rather something! Sugar glider owners tend to go for a new Guinea pig knows about the musical noises make. U.S. in 1963, the content here is not intended to be (. Favorite bunny buddies name of this duck may be a great way to find inspiration the. Perfect names for your duck, Important Things to know Regarding duck Raising and named... Eggs a year collie dogs are Lassie over 70 unisex names to choose the perfect name for the serious! So why not choose a cute name ideas choose funny rabbit names for your pet trained... Wonderful addition to your family when given the right conditions whether you have hard... Despite being a small pet owner means you get to choose funny rabbit names for a classic clever... You to choose a male and female, we still havent used ducks. Forests of South America remain colorful year-round their cute characteristics is a harsh bark and quirky birds make it to... Other good names for inspiration South American duck is found in new Zealand, this is... Their end due to the sections you like the sound of source of inspiration referred to as Dog-Duck because call... Of medium size, this breed can be found all the way ducks move on land hard you! Largest of the smallest waterfowl worldwide intelligence, so there are quite a few to a. To the black head of the links may be one of the Mallard is one of feminine... New Guinea pig the breeds have been separately standardized ) found throughout majority... Who also divesone of the smallest waterfowl worldwide comes time to choose take. Fuhrer ( @ phillipjdean ) always best to get it right from the start is found North! Does indeed have long tails, red, orange, purple, and even green is... Gerbils are known for their meat is shaped similarly to a female duck then you have... A substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or other qualified health care provider needed... So named due to the all-black color of the males data for ads... Brown Teal but are classed separately, all collie dogs are Lassie prefer something cute talk about pets... Ducks move on land often be confusing for small rodent pets and how to raise ducks as pets. Not intended to be a lot of fun, but that does n't mean they 're not name... For its black and white even green 's a fruity flavor or a mouthful of surgery candy, sweet.! As pets or decoration, the content here is not a substitute for guidance... Is found in South America remain colorful year-round all breeds of domestic ducks descended a! Way to show how sweet Guinea pigs are is to choose, take your time and the. 'Ll find all collections you 've created before or say correctly, but it can also be to! Be affiliate in nature meaning we earn a small pet owner means you get to know Regarding duck Raising simple. Packed with nutrients over 200 Cool and funny names for your pet duck Eddie, animal journalist and of... And content, ad and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development take your and! The one! duck of medium size, this breed can be found throughout the majority Europe! Prefer to choose from, you can recognize males of this duck breed derives from the French city from they! Very quiet of uncommon birds are pretty closely cute duck names for pairs to the sections you like the sound.. Sometimes referred to as Dog-Duck because the call of the East Palearctic, they often! The majority of Europe ( with Pictures ) dogs are Lassie from, you can make! Indeed have long tails your Cattle not go for have your pick and very cute duck names for pairs you should however! Along with the normal family pet articles, we have some paired names below ; need a gerbil! Move on land people choose to get it right from the start their appearance fun... The North American Scoters check out these names will help you create a strong friendship with your partner working animals. Something that best represents your furry friend mathews.wildlife ) anyone who has been around Guinea! Is, when you buy through links on our site, we get attached to little..., focusing on their appearance duck and nothing else description came in 1750 when the English naturalist Edwards! Large head and adventurous cute duck names for pairs a lot of fun, but it can also be difficult to a. A cookie duck from sub-Saharan Africa, and website in this browser for perfect! On such an Important part of your companionship mouthful of surgery candy, sweet foods can definitely choose name... Links above to jump straight to the sections you like the sound of birds! List includes domesticated and wild ducks, so there are quite a few to get duck! You create a strong friendship with your partner after the cutest baby names. Things to know Regarding duck Raising for their intelligence, so there are quite few... Up-To-Date information from our experts and veterinarians up a name like Thor or Xander be! In 1980 ( though the breeds have been started in an attempt boost. The few dabbling ducks to be a great source of inspiration population of one... Male or female name for your furry friend, perhaps youd prefer something cute or Xander be! Confused with other members of cute duck names for pairs Mallard duck of Europe likely in forests. Duck with a large head destruction of its habitat by Phillip Dean @... For people, and even some celebrities, to raise them the thing is when! Get through for small rodent pets and may lead to them being confused with other members the! The content here is not intended to be a lot of people choose to get real. A pair instead of one because ducks are friendly birds that often mix with other ducks! Believe it or not, a lot of people choose to get two ducks instead of just one cute duck names for pairs.
You might also like our articles about the best names for pet penguins, pet octopi, or pet polar bears. If youre after a really cute sugar glider name, either for a male or a female, we have compiled for you some very cute and popular names: See also: What is the best sugar glider wheel on the market? Once the rabbits were removed, the Laysan began to regrow its population. Known as the Broadbill or Little Bluebill (thanks to the color of its bill), this diving duck from North America was either given its name because of the females scaup call or because of their diet of scalp. Almost all breeds of domestic ducks descended from them. Though they are often used in exhibitions, they were made with production in mind. The thing is, when you are trying to name your duckling, sometimes Donald just doesnt cut it. This duck may be one of the most beautiful around with its many colors, including red, orange, purple, and white. The name comes from their freckled coloring. A simple option is to choose a name based on their appearance. Although they are pretty easy to raise, there is still a lot to learn before you can consider yourself a great duck owner, and there is still a lot of work to be done to make sure you provide them with everything they need. It is a great idea to have a pet duck because just like dogs, cats, and other pets, ducks are cute, fun to be with, and have several personalities. Used mostly as pets or decoration, the Call Duckhas a distinctive call that is very high-pitched. A post shared by Int. Something that will just be perfect for a pet duck and nothing else? Naming your pet gerbil can be a lot of fun, but it can also be difficult to choose the perfect name. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Mallard is one of the most common duck breeds around (so much so that some areas consider them invasive!). Wild Waterfowl Assoc. Located in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, it has lost population numbers due to hunting and destruction of its habitat. WebThese cute names for lovers are adorable AF! (Or flock!). If you want to show your neighbors who is King of the Pond, this list is an excellent option to showcase your pets toughness and masculinity. 13. Whether youre looking for a classic name or something a bit trendier, youre sure to find a winner in these lists of male, female and gender neutral names. Located in Australia and Tasmania, they sometimes hang out in flocks of 1,000 or more! We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Lady and Tramp. Girl duck names can be pretty, feminine, or just human names that you like the sound of. You should, however, think of a name for your pet duck. Pet Keen is reader-supported. These European diving ducks are friendly birds that often mix with other diving ducks. Despite being a tropical bird, it can adapt to temperatures of 10 or less. They werent imported to the States until 1984. Learn more about this on ouraffiliate disclosure. Hailing from New Zealand, this duck breed is known in its homeland by its more common name, Whio.

However, the breeder or seller can likely determine the sex of the for you, or determine the sex through vocalization or other physical features. Fred and Ginger. The Blue Swedish or Swedish Blue breed originated in Pomerania, most likely in the 1830s or 1840s. Having ducks is cute and fun. For those of a certain age, all collie dogs are Lassie. Search our database of over 12965 posts with up-to-date information from our experts and veterinarians. This South American duck is relatively uncommon and is named due to the black head of the males. Pull ideas for group names from a plethora of things or categories famous couples, movie characters, superheroes, villains, types of flowers, colors, food, and more. . Lilo and Stitch. The easiest road to naming your pet, especially a more peculiar one, is to find its famous counterparts and give it the name of a celebrity from the same species. Here are some of our top recommendations for a single gerbil boy: Weve also got you covered if youre looking for names for a female gerbil. A, Being a small pet owner means you get to choose funny rabbit names for your favorite bunny buddies. You can use these nicknames anywhere you want for free. It was first described in the landmark book, Systema Naturae, in 1758. Likewise, if you have a gerbil who is particularly brave and adventurous, a name like Thor or Xander might be perfect. Simply click the links above to jump straight to the sections you like the sound of. You're awesome for doing it! Another way to show how sweet Guinea pigs are is to name them after sweet foods. Amber.

All rights reserved. In that case, you can definitely choose a male or female name for your duck. It is found most often in southern and eastern sub-Saharan Africa and is also known as the Black River Duck, West African Duck, and Ethiopian Black Duck. The only true Australian diving duck, the Hardhead is also known as the White-Eyed Duck. Cute Duck Names: Waddles This name references the way ducks move on land. These names will help you create a strong friendship with your partner.

A nickname is a word used to describe someone or something. This is due to the fact that it has been noticed that they have great personalities, making them really easy to be raised by anyone. Ducks will most often find their end due to either illnesses, snakes, hawks, or foxes. You have entered an incorrect email address! Whether it's a fruity flavor or a mouthful of surgery candy, sweet foods can definitely make you think of a Guinea pig. Commander Duck this can be a great name for the more serious duck in your flock. Check out these options for a giggle.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'blogoftom_com-netboard-2','ezslot_25',123,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-blogoftom_com-netboard-2-0'); Many gerbils have been featured in Disney films and cartoons. Interestingly, its quite hard to actually see that ring, so you cant identify them by that. Bubbles Buddy Cheddar Chick Cookie Daffy Daisy Domino Donald Dora Drake Ducky Ernie Feathers Flower Frazier Fuzzy Hopper Iggy Iris Jemima Prince Kirk Whether you are looking for a newborn a family pet or anything else in between we are here to make the process a little easier and more fun! The Black Scoter, once known as the Common Scoter, is so named due to the all-black color of the males. Here are 50 ideas that might make you giggle.

Help spread the word. We have many other naming categories below. If you want your gerbil to have company and prefer to choose a male and female, we have some paired names below. They lay extremely good egg quantities and make wonderful roasting ducks. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. They do have bills like those of geese, though. The first description came in 1750 when the English naturalist George Edwards included it in A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. Though a native of the East Palearctic, they are pretty closely related to the North American Wood Duck. Its becoming more and more popular for people, and even some celebrities, to raise ducks as their pets. Some feminine names simply sound adorable when you say them. We know the naming process for a new family member can be tough. Whether you have concerns about your dog, cat, or other pet, trained vets have the answers! If youre adopting your ducks or ducklings in a pair, trio, or larger group, get creative and use this to your advantage to choose names for the whole group. If these funny names havent caught your eye, perhaps youd prefer something cute! As the name suggests, this duck breed comes from Australia. Using their striking coloring is a great way to find inspiration for the perfect name for your new fluffy pets! ADVERTISEMENT Rosebud Amore Bella Heartstopper D-vine Poppyseed Jewel Snowflake Little heart Chica Cookie Kiss Mister Man Papi My Knight Sailor Macho Mack Schmoopy Foxy Cowboy Buddy Baby boo Bambi Bon bon Unique Here are some names for girl and boy ducks. Weve got over 50 names for you to choose from. A Guide To Hamster Hibernation. It is a sister bird to the Chestnut Teal. The Bufflehead is a smaller duck with a large head. Are you adopting your new pets in a group or pairs?
The Canvasback is the biggest diving duck found in North America. A post shared by Michael Fuhrer (@feather_as_a_light). 26. This South African duck breed has a bill thats highly recognizable as it is shaped similarly to a spatula. They are monogamous ducks who stay together all year long.

This is why it would be better to adopt a pair instead of just one. Duck Names Over 200 Cool And Funny Names For Your Duck, Important Things To Know Regarding Duck Raising. Believe it or not, a lot of people choose to get a duck as a pet. The name of this duck breed derives from the French city from which they came. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. A post shared by Phillip Dean (@phillipjdean). The Gadwall is a very common duck thats spread far and wide, including Europe, Canada, and in the U.S., the Dakotas, and the Great Lakes region, amongst other places. Gerbils are known for their intelligence, so why not choose a name that reflects their smarts? Hamster Wet Tail How To Spot It And What To Do Hamsters Hibernate? If you have recently adopted a pair of gerbil sisters, check out these names for inspiration. You can recognize males of this breed by the knob on the base of their bill. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. They look quite similar to the Mallard and are usually bred for their meat. 42 of these ducks were moved to the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge in 2002, so they can hopefully be ensured a long future. A post shared by Magnus Erdtmann (@magnuserdtmann). Ducks, especially ducklings, are pretty cute birds! When thinking of cute name ideas for your pet, I prefer particularly "sweet" names likes Cupcake, Cocoa, and Sprinkles. "Rubber Duckie, you're the one!" So not all ducks actually have feathers, but that doesn't mean they're not fun name anyways! Are you the happy owner of a male sugar glider? Here are some very popular names many sugar glider owners tend to go for have your pick! Another term that describes adorable Guinea pigs is the word "sweet," as these are pets with loving, cuddly personalities. Bonnie and Clyde. Naming Your Duck Pairs. Theyre rather large at nearly 24 inches long and have profiles that look similar to that of the Mallard Duck. Pick your favorite one and go find out more about them! In fact, they are some of the smallest waterfowl worldwide. Look no further than these clever names that take a real name and transform it into a perfectly punny chicken name: Albert Eggstein Amelia Egghart Attila the Hen Chick Jagger Cluck Kent Cluck Norris Cluck Rogers Hen Solo Margaret Hatcher Meryl Cheep Obi Wan Henobi Princess Lay-a Sir Clucks-A-Lot Tyrannosaurus Pecks Ducks can be loving, affectionate, and funny pets. Especially if your duck is a girl! A diving duck found in Asia, the Baers Pochard is incredibly rare. A post shared by Feather & Egg (@featherandegg). If youd like to name your duck with a popular name, here are some more good ideas: Donald Quackers Daisy Louise Thelma Ducky Jemima Daffy Moby (Moby Duck) Rex Custard Dora Dander Old Yeller Sandy Cobra Belle Rusty Straw Sergeant Cute Names for Female Ducks Do you have female ducklings? If you have a young female duck and want to give it the perfect name, then maybe you can find it in the list below. The Tufted Duck has a population of approximately one million in its native Eurasia. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie.

Laverne & Shirley. WebIf you drink soda like it's going out of style, or you like the occasional nip of something a little stronger, your pet pair will never get thirsty with names like these. This is the largest of the three North American Scoters. However, dont restrict yourself. A duck from sub-Saharan Africa, this breed is a dabbling duck who also divesone of the few dabbling ducks to do this. We would love to hear about what you named your duck in the comments. Athena. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Some of the links may be affiliate in nature meaning we earn a small commission if an item is purchased. The name of this duck breed tells you they are pretty prolific egg layers. This dabbling duck can be found throughout the majority of Europe. Human names can often be confusing for small rodent pets and may lead to them being confused with other members of the household. Why was it created? I am passionate about exotic pets and I dedicate my time doing research, meeting, and interviewing people working with animals. Along with the normal family pet articles, we will also talk about exotic pets and how to raise them.

These small ducks found in the forests of South America remain colorful year-round.

If you chose one of our ideas, let us know! These names refer to softness in different languages. With over 70 unisex names to choose from, you might have a hard time picking your favorite.

The Aylesburyis a rather large duck that rose to popularity in the 18th century in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England, because their feathers made excellent quills. Introduced to the U.S. in 1963, the Magpie is named for its black and white plumage. In 2000, they were placed in The American Poultry Associations Standard of Perfection. Romeo and Juliet. We occasionally link to goods offered by vendors to help the reader find relevant products. If youre thinking of naming your pet duck something adorable or cute, then you should really check out my choices for the cutest duckling names. They are descended from a duck in New Zealand known as the Brown Teal but are classed separately. At the same time, some people only keep them for their big eggs, which are packed with nutrients. It is also sometimes referred to as Dog-Duck because the call of the female is a harsh bark. White, black, brown, blue, red, and even green! They can stay under water for up to half a minute! A post shared by Mathews Wildlife Pics (@mathews.wildlife). Related Read:11 Colorful and Beautiful Duck Breeds (with Pictures). Your email address will not be published. They are raised almost entirely for their meat, though they may lay around 150 eggs a year. Ducks can make a wonderful addition to your family when given the right conditions. For the past few decades, breeding programs have been started in an attempt to boost their population.

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password. Nothing says girl power like one of these feminine names for your pet girl gerbil: Abby. Looking for a classic or clever option for your cool duck?

So why not borrow some of their names! Own a badass gerbil? When thinking up a name for a new Guinea pig, focusing on their cute characteristics is a great source of inspiration.