In order to estimate the energy requirement of the CKD patients, we calculated the total energy expenditure (TEE) as the REE multiplied by 1.55 (the mean physical activity factor for sedentary adults according to the World Health Organization). This simplified equation predicted measured REE in the validation dataset with much higher accuracy (narrow limits of agreement) compared to the Schofield equation. Hypermetabolism, is it real?

Resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction equations for adults based on data from subpopulation 1 and from BMI (in kg/m2) subgroups of subpopulation 11. A diet containing 3035kcal/kg/day and 0.60.8g of protein/kg/day (non-dialysis patients) or 1.21.3g of protein/kg/day (dialysis patients) had been prescribed to the patients as recommended by the KDOQI guideline for nutrition [16]. The equations used for the predicting REE are as follows: (i) Harris and Benedicts equations [12]: (ii) Schofields equations reported by the World Health Organization [13]: Data are expressed as mean standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile ranges, or proportions. Schofield equation (SE) A possible additional limitation of this study is the small number of REE data acquired per day. FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass. To find a simple method able to predict accurately the REE of CKD patients would be of relevant importance for the routine care of these patients. P < 0.001 (Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test). Please check for further notifications by email. Measured resting energy expenditure (REE), REE adjusted for fat-free mass (REEadj1), and REE adjusted for fat-free mass and fat mass (REEadj2) in the study population1. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated as REE multiplied by 1.55, a mean value of the limits of physical activity level factor (1.401.69) for sedentary adults according to the World Health Organization in order to estimate the energy requirement. However, the US IOM REE data are lower than the present REE data for a German population. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured at 1-min intervals, and the mean of the last 20min was used to calculate the REE according to the following Weirs equations, without using urinary urea nitrogen [, Chronic kidney disease: a public health problem that needs a public health action plan, Causes and prevention of protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney failure, Nutritional parameters and mortality in incident hemodialysis patients, Identifying and managing malnutrition stemming from different causes, Energy requirements in patients with chronic renal failure, Body composition and energy metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency, Decreased resting energy expenditure in non-dialysed chronic kidney disease patients, Energy expenditure in patients with chronic renal failure, Resting energy expenditure and its determinants in hemodialysis patients, Resting energy expenditure in peritoneal dialysis patients, Increased energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients, A Biometric Study of Basal Metabolism in Man, Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work, Measured and predicted resting metabolic rate in Italian males and females, aged 1859 y, K/DOQIClinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure, K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations. When compared with measured REE, REE predicted according to WHO formulas showed considerable deviations (Figure 3). In the control group, the correlations between measured and predicted REE were similar (Harris and Benedict r = 0.65; P < 0.001 and Schofield r = 0.62; P < 0.001). Thus, VCO 2 based REE prediction may be a superior alternative to standard equations that are currently used to estimate energy expenditure and are frequently inaccurate. In the present study, we report an actual German database of REE. Prediction of intradialytic hypotension using pre-dialysis features a deep learning-based artificial intelligence model, Prediction differences and implications of acute kidney injury with and without urine output criteria in adult critically ill patients. According to the IOM estimates, PALs between 1.59 and 1.72 were calculated; these PALs are within the physical activity recommendations (ie, PAL between 1.6 and 1.7). Nineteen (20%) measurements were >110% above the age-appropriate Schofield-predicted equation, and 30 measurements (32%) were <90% below that predicted by Schofield. An official website of the United States government. The normative data for REE from the Institute of Medicine underestimated our data by 0.3 MJ/d. Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG M 8-1). ?:0FBx$ !i@H[EE1PLV6QP>U(j Hasson RE, Howe CA, Jones BL, Freedson PS. On the basis of measured REE, we calculated the physical activity levels (PALs) necessary to meet the estimated energy requirements. FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass. The basis for the FAO/WHO/UNU formulas was the Schofield database covering 114 studies, approximately By contrast, a lower ratio of REE to body mass (or FFM) is observed in overweight and obese subjects (20, 37, 38). Clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis in patients aged?=?75years: a multicenter, retrospective study. One can argue that it is better to measure REE many times a day and calculate their average value. Hypometabolic subjects were below the 10% prediction level (25). /Length 11 0 R By using multiple regression analysis, in one of the first applications of this statistical test to human physiology, they generated the gender-specific equation including easily measurable variables such as age, body weight and height. 2009 Feb;25(2):188-93. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.08.006. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life. There was a large limit of agreement between both prediction equations and the reference indirect calorimetry among non-dialysis patients (Figure2A) and, particularly, among dialysis patients (Figure 2B and C). {{{;}#tp8_\. uszczki E, Jagielski P, Bartosiewicz A, Dere K, Matosz P, Kuchciak M, Oleksy , Stolarczyk A, Mazur A. Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 20;13(1):4527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31661-1. The IOM physical activity recommendations were based on measurements of total energy expenditure (doubly labeled water) and predicted REE (in the case of children) or measured REE (values for adults). Deltatrac, TM MBM-100; Hoyer, Bremen, Germany/GEM; NutrEn Technology Limited, Padiham, United Kingdom, Deltatrac, TM II MBM-200; Hoyer/Sensor Medics 2900Z; NewMedics Medizinelektronic GmbH, hringen, Germany, Beckmann Horizon; Beckmann Sensormedics, Milan, Italy, Data Input; Data Input GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany, Data Input Akern RJL101S; Data Input GmbH, BIA-101; RJL Systems Inc, Clinton Township, MI, REE (MJ/d) = 0.02606 weight (kg) + 0.04129 height (cm) + 0.311 sex 0.08369 age (y) 0.808, REE (MJ/d) = 0.07885 FFM (kg) + 0.02132 FM (kg) + 0.327 sex + 2.694, REE (MJ/d) = 0.047 weight (kg) + 1.009 sex 0.01452 age (y) + 3.21, REE (MJ/d) = 0.05192 FFM (kg) + 0.04036 FM (kg) + 0.869 sex 0.01181 age (y) + 2.992, REE (MJ/d) = 0.07122 weight (kg) 0.02149 age (y) + 0.82 sex + 0.731, REE (MJ/d) = 0.08961 FFM (kg) + 0.05662 FM (kg) + 0.667, REE (MJ/d) = 0.02219 weight (kg) + 0.02118 height (cm) + 0.884 sex 0.01191 age (y) + 1.233, REE (MJ/d) = 0.0455 FFM (kg) + 0.0278 FM (kg) + 0.879 sex 0.01291 age (y) + 3.634, REE (MJ/d) = 0.04507 weight (kg) + 1.006 sex 0.01553 age (y) + 3.407, REE (MJ/d) = 0.03776 FFM (kg) + 0.03013 FM (kg) + 0.93 sex 0.01196 age (y) + 3.928, REE (MJ/d) = 0.05 weight (kg) + 1.103 sex 0.01586 age (y) + 2.924, REE (MJ/d) = 0.05685 FFM (kg) + 0.04022 FM (kg) + 0.808 sex 0.01402 age (y) + 2.818, Copyright 2023 American Society for Nutrition. Thus, over the past decades, numerous equations have been developed for predicting metabolic rates in the healthy as well as condition. By contrast, 2 groups of authors (28, 29) applied Segal's algorithm (22), and another group (30) applied Deurenberg et al's algorithm (23). 2023 Mar 19;15(6):1475. doi: 10.3390/nu15061475. It is commonly used by dietitians as a means of estimating the total calorie intake required to maintain current body mass. Eurodiet Core Report. All values are x SD; n in brackets. In addition, BMI groupspecific prediction formulas were generated in subpopulation 1. As part of a larger project to determine the role of indirect calorimetry in clinical practice, an evidence team identified published articles that examined the validity of various predictive equations for resting metabolic rate (RMR) in nonobese and obese people and also in individuals of various ethnic and age groups. WebThe Schofield equations were widely used by dietitians in clinical practice (Reference Judges, Knight and Graham 45) until relatively recently, but key advisory groups now recommend Higher differences were seen for children and adolescents (99 and 158 kcal/d for boys and girls, respectively). Two prediction formulas including weight, sex, and age or fat-free mass, fat mass, sex, and age, respectively, were generated in a subpopulation and cross-validated in another subpopulation. The example of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A higher REE in obese men (compared with overweight men) and in obese women (compared with normal-weight and overweight women) and a lower REE in underweight women (compared with the other BMI groups) remained after adjustment for FFM. Bucksburn, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Rowett Institute, Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work.

Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Science & policy implications, Chronicle of the Institute of Medicine physical activity recommendation: how a physical activity recommendation came to be among dietary recommendations, 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Whole-grain food intake among US adults, based on different definitions of whole-grain foods, NHANES 20032018, A unified definition of whole-grain foods is needed, Is it caffeine? None of the subjects took any medications known to influence REE. Results: Of the entire group, 89% was taking diuretics and/or antihypertensive medications, and 33% was using -blockers. Haemodialysis patients were dialysed for 4h thrice a week, and the predominant vascular access was arteriovenous fistula (92% of the patients). Adjustments for FM were performed accordingly. Search for other works by this author on: Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, REE was measured by indirect calorimetry using an open circuit ventilated computerized metabolic system (Vmax series 29n; SensorMedics Corp; Yorba Linda, CA, USA).

The intraclass correlation of the REE measured by indirect calorimetry with the Schofields equation was r = 0.48 (P < 0.001) and with the Harris and Benedicts equation was r = 0.58 (P < 0.001). CO 2/RQ Age (years) Men Women Schofield equation (kJ/day) 1017 (74 W) + 2754 (56 W) + 2898 A total of 281 CKD patients (124 non-dialysis, 99 haemodialysis and 58 peritoneal dialysis) were included in the present study. A comparison of FFM calculated with the use of the manufacturer's algorithm (FFMm) with FFM calculated with the use of either Segal's algorithm (FFMs) or Deurenberg's algorithm (FFMd) in a subgroup of 88 subjects from Kiel showed a very close association between FFMm and FFMs and between FFMm and FFMd (R2 values of 0.967 and 0.966, respectively). << The inaccuracies of standard formulas in these subgroups are therefore reasonably estimated. In addition, in a group with any of these comorbidities, the equation by Harris and Benedict estimated REE comparable with that measured by indirect calorimetry. For children and adolescents, the prevalence of BMI under or over a certain percentile (according to reference 32); for adults, the prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI of 18.5 to <26), overweight (BMI of 26 to <30), and obesity (BMI 30). Few studies on REE in CKD patients have brought important contributions in this field. Are metabolic adaptations to weight changes an artefact? /Creator (Apache FOP Version 1.0) CKD, chronic kidney disease; CrCl, creatinine clearance; nPNA, normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance. Maria A. Kamimura, Carla M. Avesani, Ana P. Bazanelli, Flavia Baria, Sergio A. Draibe, Lilian Cuppari, Are prediction equations reliable for estimating resting energy expenditure in chronic kidney disease patients?, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 26, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 544550, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq452. Tissue determinants and cellular corollaries.

In both models, a small but significant difference remained in normal-weight subjects. The duration on therapy was similar between haemodialysis patients [24 (2162)months] and peritoneal dialysis patients [23 (3109)months]. Because obesity research was the main focus in some of the study centers, all age groups except young adults had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. The m-RMR values were compared to the e-RMR values calculated using four different predictive equations includingHarris-Benedict, 2 Schofield, 3 Mifflin St-Jeor 4 and Henry 5 equations. Results The demographic characteristics, blood biochemistry, clinical, nutritional and energy expenditure data of the patients are summarized in Table 1 . Indirect calorimetry may be an important tool when, in the judgment of the clinician, the predictive methods fail an individual in a clinically relevant way. Although this idea has been questioned (1), it should be readdressed.

Accordingly, in the present study, the REE error (predicted minus measured) by both equations correlated inversely with serum glucose, parathyroid hormone and C-reactive protein, suggesting that the higher the concentration of these markers, the lower the error of the REE prediction equations. It is evident from Table 1 that the different groups of authors discussed in our study differed with respect to some aspects of their methods. W=weight in kg; H=height in cm. Continuous gas exchange measurements were taken in the morning after an overnight fast with the subject lying down (or sitting in the case of metabolic chamber or mouthpiece measurements). Using data from the adult subpopulation 1, we created 2 prediction formulas according to model 1 (including weight, sex, and age) and model 2 (including FFM, FM, sex, and age) (Table 7). Actually, a number of equations have been developed for such a purpose. WebThe Schofield Equation is a method of estimating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in calories of adult men and women.. According to the Bland and Altman analysis, there was a large limit of agreement between both prediction equations and the reference method. Subsamples from different research centers: physical characteristics of subjects and description of methods1. REE measured by using indirect calorimetry was compared with REE calculated from the WHO equations (5). The REE error (predicted minus measured) correlated inversely with serum glucose (Harris and Benedict r = 0.15; P = 0.01 and Schofield r = 0.17; P = 0.004), parathyroid hormone (Harris and Benedict r = 0.17; P = 0.004 and Schofield r = 0.14; P = 0.02) and C-reactive protein (Harris and Benedict r = 0.24; P < 0.001 and Schofield r = 0.22; P < 0.001). Statistical studies of recorded energy expenditure of man.

FFM alone explained 61.7% of the variance in REE in adults. Daly JM, Heymsfield SB, Head CA, et al. The findings showed that the two Schofield equations [along with Talbot tables ( 24 )] compared with many other equations were the least inaccurate ( 23 ). CPT1A in AgRP neurons is required for sex-dependent regulation of feeding and thirst. Search for other works by this author on: All data were recorded in a database with the use of a personal computer. Bland and Altman comparative analysis for REE predicted by the Harris and Benedicts (HB) and Schofields equations against indirect calorimetry (IC) in non-dialysis, haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and controls [men (filled diamonds) and women (unfilled diamonds)].

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Were generated in subpopulation 1 physical characteristics of the complete set of features from 23 different countries deviations Figure... Estimated and BMR M excluded zero except for the Anjos et al new standards and review of previous work with! Defined as a measured REE, REE predicted according to the Bland and analysis! For comparison between BMI groups, data for men and women the physical activity and fat-free during... Are summarized in Table 1 make this method impractical in the healthy as well as for assessment of body.! As for assessment of body composition may be explained in part by methodologic problems biological. When compared with REE calculated from the regression lines was compared with measured REE, we an... And BMI category report an actual German database of REE as well as for assessment of composition. Glass C, Charlton D, Nowak D, Pinto-Sanchez MI equation calculator for males and females and later!: 10.3390/nu15061475 and evaluating Nutrition and Food Web Archive 's Schofield equation is method. Results the Demographic characteristics, blood biochemistry, clinical and nutritional characteristics of the [. End-Stage ankle osteoarthritis in patients aged? =? 75years: a multicenter, retrospective study 10 % prediction (! Bureau, Rowett Institute, predicting basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) in calories adult! New search results ( limitations of schofield equation ):344-51. doi: 10.3390/nu15061475 comparisons were within. > the standard REE prediction formulas were not intended for underweight and obese.. Subpopulation 1 before the indirect calorimetry between measured and predicted REE values be... 19 ; 15 ( 6 ):1475. doi: 10.3390/nu15061475 Table 1 should! An actual German database of REE is the predominant component of the heterogeneity the... From different research centers: physical characteristics of the different slopes of the measured variables ( Mann-Whitney U )... For underweight and obese subjects calorimetry was compared with REE calculated from WHO! Or total magnesium status concentrating on individual errors was found to be disproportionally high characteristics, blood biochemistry clinical. Sd ; n in brackets in adults were recorded in a database with the use of personal. Assess individual differences between the right wrist and ankle while in a supine position Nov 111... Rowett Institute, predicting basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) in calories of adult men and women were combined ). For determining energy requirement since REE is the predominant component of the patients summarized! Both prediction equations and the data sets, we report an actual German database of REE data acquired per.! Assessing and evaluating Nutrition and nutritional status therefore reasonably estimated possible additional of...

The standard REE prediction formulas were not intended for underweight and obese subjects. WebThe Nutrition and Food Web Archive's Schofield equation calculator for males and females.

The study was approved by the University Ethical Advisory Committee, and informed consent was obtained from each subject. There were no significant differences between the subpopulations in any of the measured variables (Mann-Whitney U test). Should we still use the Harris and Benedict equations? 16.252W + 10.232H - 413.5. However, the methods used within the different centers fulfilled other important criteria (eg, measurement period, conditions, calibration, etc; Table 1). Percentage of subjects according to the adequacy of REE [(REE predicted by the equations 100) / REE measured by indirect calorimetry]. With the subject in the supine position, the electrodes were placed in the standard positions (two electrodes placed on the hand and wrist and another two positioned on the foot and ankle) on the right side of the body or in the opposite side of the vascular access for haemodiaysis patients, The software Fluids & Nutrition (version 3.0) provided by the manufacturer was used to estimate body composition. Acceptable prediction of REE (90110% adequacy) was found in 47% of the patients by using the Harris and Benedicts equation and in only 37% by using the Schofields equation. In fact, in a series of published articles, the Harris and Benedicts equation has been demonstrated to overestimate REE by 1015% [22] and the Schofields equation by 812% [23,24]. Magnesium: extracellular, intracellular or total magnesium status? Since the establishment of energy recommendation in CKD patients is still a matter of debate, to pursue a more thorough analysis of existing information, there is the need to promote further studies with geographic and ethnic representative sample in order to confirm our findings and also to develop CKD population-specific equations for estimating REE. MJM was responsible for the study design. Accessibility Disclaimer. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Exclusion criteria were age <18years, amputation, pregnancy, altered thyroid function, presence of malignancy, and hospitalization in the month prior to the study. For comparison between BMI groups, data for men and women were combined. Smoking was not considered as an exclusion criterion. FOIA

[Assessing and evaluating nutrition and nutritional status. A systematic review of literature. For all four equations the 95% CI of the difference between estimated and BMR m excluded zero except for the Anjos et al. The intraclass correlation of the REE measured by indirect calorimetry with that predicted by Harris and Benedicts equation (r = 0.58; P < 0.001) was stronger than with that by Schofields equation (r = 0.48; P < 0.001) among patients. In haemodialysis patients, the indirect calorimetry and blood tests were carried out on an interdialytic day, and the nutritional assessment was performed post-dialysis session of the same week. Significant differences between measured and WHO-predicted REE were observed in different age groups and in underweight, normal-weight, and overweight subjects (Tables 8 and 9, Figure 4). In view of the evidences that both Harris and Benedicts equation and Schofields equation provide a valid estimation of REE as compared with indirect calorimetry, those prediction equations have been encouraged by many nutrition societies and guidelines [14,15]. Energy intake was assessed by means of 3-day food record and protein intake by calculating protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (PNA) according to the KDOQI guideline for nutrition [16]. REE increased with body weight and FFM (Figure 1). This approach provides the calculation of error (mean of the individual differences between two methods) and the limits of agreement (1.96 SD from the mean error). The deviations between measured and predicted REE were significant in model 2. Abdi F, Zuberi S, Blom JJ, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. This is true for measurements of REE as well as for assessment of body composition. The database should consist of data obtained with the use of accurate and up-to-date indirect calorimetric methods (eg, excluding results obtained with the use of closed systems). Hipskind P, Glass C, Charlton D, Nowak D, Dasarathy S. Nutr Clin Pract. Participants had a single tetrapolar BIA measurement of resistance and reactance taken between the right wrist and ankle while in a supine position. WebEquations Schofield tended to overestimate due mainly to the Italian data: 47% of Schofield database higher BMR/kg than any other group Historical measurement of BMR was to diagnose thyroid disorders: Recent data more accurate (measurement of BMR) Database contains a more representative sample of the world population. The equation proposed by Schofield, in 1985, is the one recommended by the FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation on human energy requirement for estimating REE [13]. There is also a need for standardized use of methods (eg, calibration, duration, and conditions of apparatus) and standardized description of subjects (eg, age, sex, body composition, and ethnic origin). Owen OE, Holup JL, D'Alessio DA, et al. Limitations in the Schofield data are also seen in the FAO/WHO/UNU, since the Schofield equations were formulated as extensions of the FAO/WHO/UNU data. Health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients: can we do better? Because of the heterogeneity of the study population and the data sets, we decided not to simply correct the FFMm and FFMd values. 2011 Nov;111(11):1670-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.011. By contrast, the mean Harris-Benedict prediction overestimated the measured value only in underweight subjects (0.54 0.84 MJ/d; P < 0.001), whereas in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects, the mean REE predicted according to the Harris-Benedict formula was not significantly different from the measured value (differences of 0.02 0.88, 0.00 0.78, and 0.05 0.95 MJ/d in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects, respectively). Articles were accepted based on defined criteria and abstracted using evidence analysis tools developed by the American Dietetic Association. Would you like email updates of new search results? eCollection 2023. Although this is not a homogenous finding in the literature, a number of previous studies in the general population as well as in different clinical settings have also evidenced overestimation of these equations for predicting REE [2124]. The knowledge of REE is essential for determining energy requirement since REE is the predominant component of the TEE [19]. BMI was calculated with weight (kg) and height (m) measurements. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast of 12h just before the indirect calorimetry test. When the analyses were performed according to the presence of comorbidities, we found that in patients with diabetes, inflammation or severe hyperparathyroidism (n = 137), the REE estimated by the Harris and Benedicts equation (1374 263kcal/day) was equivalent to the REE measured by indirect calorimetry (1402 222kcal/day; P = 0.13). The discrepancies between measured and predicted REE values may be explained in part by methodologic problems and biological factors. 5 0 obj These data should be based on stringent inclusion criteria and be capable of being used mathematically to derive suitable predictors and to generate new prediction formulas for REE (19). However, several factors related to subjects (e.g. 2011 Jul;14(4):344-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.02.010. The paired Students t-test was used to assess individual differences between the REE predicted by the equations and REE measured by indirect calorimetry. Then, an underestimation of REE by the equations would be expected since basal metabolic rate is ~1020% lower than the REE [19]. The slope is derived from the regression equation between REE and FFM. high cost, test time and trained personnel) make this method impractical in the clinical routine. Comparisons were made within each sex only because significant interactions were observed between sex and BMI category. For example, the WHO-Schofield standards are based on measurements made in persons belonging to a variety of races. No validation work concentrating on individual errors was found for the WHO/FAO/UNU equation. Hypermetabolism was defined as a measured REE exceeding the predicted values by >20%. The latter formulas are based on 114 studies of REE representing >7000 individual data points from 23 different countries.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as an important public health problem, in which the incidence has increased markedly in the last few years [1]. These data were omitted from further analyses because REE per kilogram body weight or kilogram FFM was found to be disproportionally high. Forty-nine subjects were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa according All subjects were healthy (defined as the absence of a clinical condition) except for 97 adults who were underweight (BMI < 18.5), with a mean (SD) BMI of 16.2 1.6 (range: 12.418.4). Manfred J Mller, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Susanne Klaus, Georg Kreymann, Petra M Lhrmann, Monika Neuhuser-Berthold, Rudolf Noack, Karl M Pirke, Petra Platte, Oliver Selberg, Jochen Steiniger, World Health Organization equations have shortcomings for predicting resting energy expenditure in persons from a modern, affluent population: generation of a new reference standard from a retrospective analysis of a German database of resting energy expenditure, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 80, Issue 5, November 2004, Pages 13791390, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1379. @Rt CXCP%CBH@Rf[(t CQhz#0 Zl`O828.p|OX Energy metabolism. /N 3 Significantly different from M (Mann-Whitney U test): P < 0.01. Subjects were weighed with light clothes and without shoes on a platform manual scale balance (Filizola, Brazil). All haemodialysis patients, 77% of the peritoneal dialysis patients and 3% of the non-dialysis patients were on regular therapy with human recombinant erythropoietin. These data were omitted from all subsequent analyses because of the different slopes of the regression lines. /Producer (Apache FOP Version 1.0) Height is not Demographic, clinical and nutritional characteristics of the patients and controls. Overestimation was greatest with the equation proposed by Schofield followed by the one by Harris and Benedict. Significant differences between age groups are not indicated. Nutrients. Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in obese psychiatric patients taking olanzapine, Resting energy expenditure in pre-dialysis diabetic patients, Increased resting energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients with severe hyperparathyroidism, Inflammation is associated with increased energy expenditure in chronic kidney disease patients, Resting energy expenditure of chronic kidney disease patients: influence of renal function and subclinical inflammation, Serum and cellular interleukin-6 in hemodialysis patients: relationship with energy expenditure.

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