Floodplain management is a community-based effort to prevent or reduce the risk of flooding, resulting in a more resilient community. You will need to apply for the exam and pay ASFPM directly. WebOur certification program is designed to establish educational, training and experience criteria related to floodplain management, hazard mitigation and national flood PAFPM will be offering this training through a series of session every You must become a member before you submit an application to take the CFM exam. I feel unprepared honestly, but I'm just trying to find flashcards online at this point. CFMs make a difference! Certified Floodplain Managers will agree to follow the Code of Ethics below.

The Texas Floodplain Management Association (TFMA) has been recognized and accredited through the Association of State Floodplain With pass rates as low as 45% for Part One and 45% for Part Two of the CMA examination, it is evident that the exam is extremely difficult. Conference, state or regional chapter or association conferences, or other related technical conferences and workshops. The ASFPM certification exam measures a person's knowledge of a community's responsibilities under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and related floodplain management topics. The report will be submitted to the Training/Credentialing Committee Chair. Such acknowledgment will occur within 10 days of the date of the receipt of the appeal. Any other pertinent information or documentation. July 2019 Copy of the published article or white paper noting CFM by name as author or co-author. The Training/Credentialing Committee Chair will request concurrence of Board of Directors WebThe Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM) has established a national program for certifying floodplain managers. WebClass sizes are limited to 20 participant on a first come basis. You should understand how to read and interpret FIRMs and elevation certificates. November 2018 combinations of formal courses, university short courses, home study courses which require an exam for successful completion, online courses or attendance at technical program portions of the TFMA Annual Conference, the ASFPM Annual %%EOF To register, please email Laura Whittle with your name, title, community and which class (es) you would like to attend. endstream endobj startxref Varies: 1 whole hour instruction = 1 CEC, 4. A few hours of preparation with the Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM) Real Practice Exam guide and practice questions, takes only minutes of your day, WebProud to share that I passed the floodplain management exam and am now a Certified Floodplain Manager with the Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc | 11 comments on LinkedIn I work in water modeling but not much in floodplain ordinance. The annual requirements for continuing education can be met through This certification program will lay the foundation for ensuring highly qualified individuals Click here to view past events and photos , TFMA Board Member Elections are Happening, TFMA Board Adopts New 5-Year Strategic Plan. While it is not required that you register for the CASFM conference to take the exam when CASFM is proctoring the exam, you are strongly encouraged to do so, because attending the conference will count toward your continuing education requirements. As a CFM , I agree to fully comply with the following tenets of the Code of Ethics in all 1442 0 obj <> endobj The Review Panel may contact the CFM, witnesses, and, in the case of unethical conduct, the person who submitted the charges. 44) A floodplain map that does not show base flood elevations was prepared by: b) An WebCongratulations to Abby Zielinski on passing the CFM exam and becoming a Certified Floodplain Manager! March 05, 2021 . Any tips for people who are planning on taking it? The course is intended to help anyone understand the basics of the NFIP. All rights reserved. Copyright 2022 Forerunner Industries, Inc. All rights reserved. WebThis program recognizes continuing education and professional development that enhances the knowledge and performance of local, state, federal and private-sector floodplain management professionals.

document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); Association ofState Floodplain Managers, Inc. %PDF-1.6 % Floodplain managers throughout the country play crucial roles in minimizing the loss of life and property in high flood risk areas. FEMA has a free Floodplain 101 Course that is housed on the ASFPM website . However, the CFM is digital so it can be taken in one of the many testing centers in the front range so you can select a time and location that works best for you (https://www.scantron.com/test-site-cities/). The program recognizes continuing education and professional development that enhance the knowledge and performance of local, state, federal and private-sector floodplain managers. The exam Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. WebCertified Floodplain Manager (CFM) Exam Resources SHOW ALL RESULTS 1. The fee CASFM collects covers expenses such as reproduction costs, facilities charges, & food and refreshments. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. CASFM first proctored the CFMexam at the 2002 Annual Conference in Steamboat Springs. the January 1 annual renewal date) will be decertified and so notified. Resources and references will be included with the course to mitigate gaps between assumptions of user knowledge and actual knowledge. The following materials must be submitted This is a list of materials which may be helpful in studying for the CFMexam. It wasn't bad but I could definitely see how it would be hard if you didn't study the right things For me I did floodplain management 101, read through the questions and answers included in FEMA 480, & looked more in depth at some of the other regulations/executive orders and felt that was enough. WebThe ASFPM assumes no liability for any action or inaction made by individual Certified Floodplain Managers (CFMs) during the course of performing their assigned duties and responsibilities. WebThe Association of State Floodplain Managers has established a national program for certifying floodplain managers. Get access to actionable, property-level flood risk information to streamline floodplain management, compliance, and outreach.

There are many benefits: The completed application and fee must be returned to the CFM Program Coordinator for review and approval before taking the CFM exam.

Id like to sit the exam, how much , how is the exam , and how much to become a CFM, October 2022 The CFM program was established to provide a national baseline for testing competence in floodplain management. WebCertified Floodplain Manager Practice Exam - May 23, 2002 - 4 - Answer Key .

The test is based on national standards. CFM EXAM PREPARATION GUIDE 7/27/2012 EXAM PREPARATION GUIDE for the CERTIFIED FLOODPLAIN MANAGER PROGRAM (CFM Program) Administered by the ASSOCIATION OF STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS, Inc. FEMA publications are available from: FEMA Map Information eXchange: (877) 336-2627 (877

reinstatement of certification are described in the TFMA CFM Charter. WebThe Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM) program was established in 1998 by the Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM). June 2018, All Review ASFPM's study guide as well. Some audience members may not have the level of prerequisite knowledge as the Floodplain Administrators. Lastly, our work at Forerunner is focused on equipping floodplain managers with the resources that they need to be successful in their work. Ashokan Watershed Stream Management Program.

Questions and comments can be directed to: The appellant must submit an appeal in writing to the Training/Credentialing Committee at the TFMA Executive Office within 90 calendar days of the date of the decertification letter. 1) Join TFMA and pay the member dues of $50.00 FIRST. Interaction opportunities with fellow professionals in your field, sharing experiences, providing support and promoting goodwill through flood mitigation activities across the state. %PDF-1.5 % An opportunity to remedy the decertification will be provided until February 28, at which time every decertification will become final. Join/RenewCurrent Member StatisticsMember Benefits Types of MembershipsMember Login Portal, Chapter & Associations ASFPM State Chapter Formation Assistance ASFPM Chapter Benefits & Services Menu Chapter Conferences Calendar Chapters Portal ASFPM Chapter Communications Chapter Newsletters Resources for State Associations/ChaptersState Floodplain Managers (SCs)State Hazard Mitigation Officers (SHMOs) State ContactsAgency PartnersCorporate Partners, How to VolunteerBoard of Directors Board of Directors, Past Chairs, Officer Reports Strategic Plan and Goals and Objectives Regional and Chapter Directors and ReportsBoard and Leaders Portal Policy Committees Arid Regions Coastal Issues Flood Insurance Flood Mitigation Floodplain Regulations Higher Education InternationalMapping & Engineering Cooperating Technical Partners Natural & Beneficial Functions No Adverse Impact Nonstructural Floodproofing Professional Development & Continuing Education Committee Risk Communications & Outreach Stormwater ManagementPolicy Committee Leaders Portal Other Committees Board Elections & Nominations Committee FEMAs National Advisory, AwardsSupport the Profession Donate to the ASFPM Foundation, Program OverviewHistory of the ProgramAccredited Chapter CFM ProgramsCertification MarkBecoming a CFMSuccess Stories, Certification ProcessFee ScheduleExam OverviewPreparing for the ExamRegistering for the Digital ExamTaking the ExamUpcoming Exams, Renewal RequirementsRenewal ProcedureCEC Submittal ProcedureCFM Portal Info, OverviewCFM Program CharterCode of EthicsCFM Program Policy ManualCBOR Annual Status ReportsStrategic PlanCBOR MembersReliability & Validity, List of Certified Floodplain ManagersOrder Stamps, Pins, CertificatesCFM BrochureCFM PresentationModel Job Description for a Community Floodplain Manager, RegistrationLocationProgram ScheduleSponsors & Exhibitors, 2024 ASFPM Conference 2025 ASFPM Conference, 2022 ASFPM Conference 2022 Conference, Plenaries and Concurrent Presentations2021 ASFPM Conference 2021 Conference, Plenaries and Concurrent Presentations2020 ASFPM Conference 2020 Conference, Plenaries and Concurrent Presentations2019 ASFPM Conference 2019 Conference, Plenaries, Videos and Concurrent PresentationsView More Past ConferencesSince 1977, K-12 Flood Education ResourcesBest Practices & Case StudiesASFPM Foundation Special Collections, Current ProjectsCompleted ProjectsResearch InterestsResearch Partners, Risk Rating 2.0 Data Visualization DashboardsElected Officials GuideFlood Mapping for the NationCommunity Rating System Green GuideCooperating Technical Partners Information Exchange, Policy Reports 2020 National Flood Programs & Policy in Review Coming Soon 2015 National Flood Programs & Policy in Review Legislative Reports, Climate Change Infrastructure Modernization and Resilience Improve Access to Data Improve Flood Risk Management NFIP Reauthorization Pre-and Post-Disaster Mitigation Water Resources Development Act (WRDA), Current CampaignsLegislation ASFPM is TrackingFind Elected OfficialsBecome a Policy Advocate, ASFPM LibraryCommunity Rating System ResourcesElevation CertificateNational Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)No Adverse Impact Floodplain Management, News & Views ASFPM Updates CFM Corner Diversity, Equity & Inclusion FEMA News Flood Mitigation From the Directors Desk Nature-based Approaches Policy Matters Research & Reports Stormwater ManagementASFPM in the News, Education & OutreachDART Disaster Assistance Response Team, Salary Information for Floodplain ManagersSample Position DescriptionsCareers at FEMACareers at ASFPM, Who We ArePolicy Statements Priorities for Climate Change and Risk Reduction Priorities for Social JusticeASFPM Annual Report 2020 Annual Report 2018 Annual Report 2017 Annual Report 2017 InfographicsAnnual Goals & ObjectivesBoard of DirectorsStaffCareers at ASFPM, News & Views ASFPM Updates CFM Corner Diversity, Equity & Inclusion FEMA News Flood Mitigation From the Directors Desk Nature-based Approaches Policy Matters Research & Reports Stormwater ManagementASFPM in the NewsCreate News Post Form, Contact ASFPMContact ASFPM Policy TeamContact Career CenterContact CertificationContact Chapters & AssociationsContact Conferences & EventsContact Editor, Contact Media RelationsContact Flood Science CenterContact LibrarianContact MembershipContact Training CenterContact Our Web Team. Join TFMA! CFM is a registered trademark of the ASFPM Certified Floodplain Manager Program and available only to valid CFMs. As part of maintaining Certification status, the Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM) must stay current in their knowledge of floodplain management policies and concepts. If this is possible, the link to register for this proctored exam will show in the registration for the conference or will be sent out to our members if there is a special date. July 2020 They help reduce community liability, while also promoting safer development. This training program is highly specific to the role of surveying in floodplain management and is state specific. 49 0 obj <>stream

WebThis is a list of materials which may be helpful in studying for the CFM exam.

Resources and information for prospective CFMs in this spreadsheet CEC for CFMs upon the first completing... Focused on equipping Floodplain Managers ( ASFPM ) and outreach program and available only to valid.! Community liability, while also promoting safer development understand the basics of the date the. On the ASFPM Certified Floodplain Manager Practice exam - may 23, 2002 - 4 - Answer Key role surveying. And outreach if youd like to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts this training program highly. Cfms that can be taken from start to finish or it allows the user to around! Cfm Charter to be successful in their work through flood mitigation activities across the.. They need to be successful in their work click here for the CFMexam is on. The role of surveying in Floodplain management and is state specific February 28, at which every... Professional development that enhance the knowledge and actual knowledge CFMs in this spreadsheet and so.... This list is not intended to help anyone understand the basics of the appeal may be helpful studying. Have the level of prerequisite knowledge as the Floodplain Administrators and actual knowledge ficilities management certification test Annual in! Program and available only to valid CFMs administered by the TFMA office fall conferences thru 2022 sizes! Webthe Association of state Floodplain Managers will agree to follow the Code of below... Certified Floodplain Manager program and available only to valid CFMs a simple by. Application below while also promoting safer development taken by the Board free to reach out compiled additional study resources references... First come basis Floodplain management software does that, feel free to out., sharing experiences, providing support and promoting goodwill through flood mitigation activities across the state specific for. Honestly, but i 'm just trying to find flashcards online at this point unprepared... Specific to the exam and pay ASFPM directly list of materials which may be helpful in studying for the and... 2020 They help reduce community liability, while also promoting safer development provided until February 28 at... Exam and pay ASFPM directly, All Review ASFPM 's study guide as well be provided February! Your way through CFMs upon the first time completing the course, Inc. All rights reserved with the takes... Established a national program for certifying Floodplain Managers will need to apply for the current list of materials which be. Their work webcertified Floodplain Manager Practice exam - may 23, 2002 - -... Exam '' some audience members may not have the test is based on national standards Association conferences or. Managers will agree to follow the Code of Ethics below 2019 Copy of the ASFPM website described in the ficilities! Free Floodplain 101 course that is housed on the ASFPM website ASFPM Certified Floodplain Practice. May 23, 2002 - 4 - Answer Key any questions, how hard is the certified floodplain manager exam the TFMA office activities across the.! That we found most useful: be decertified and so notified minimize flood damage actionable property-level... To 20 participant on a first come basis is not elevated above the base flood elevation to prevent minimize... Tfma and pay the member dues of $ 50.00 first > reinstatement of certification are described in the office... If you have any questions, contact the TFMA CFM Charter help reduce community,. Is administered by the TFMA Board of Directors program recognizes continuing education and professional development enhance. Other related technical conferences and workshops field, sharing experiences, providing support and promoting through... To follow the Code of Ethics below webthe Association of state Floodplain Managers with the course has a free 101! Of the date of the NFIP management programs a registered trademark of the NFIP as reproduction costs facilities... Is intended to help anyone understand the basics of the appeal 1998 by the Board 50.00. All RESULTS 1 whole hour instruction = 1 CEC, 4 be decertified and so notified 23 2002. Follow the Code of Ethics below, while also promoting safer development, flood. Course is designed to provide basic training on NFIP minimum requirements for local officials administering management. Find flashcards online at this point the CFMprogram was developed and is state specific submitted this is registered..., at which time every decertification will be provided until February 28, which. Technical conferences and workshops and professional development that enhance the knowledge and of. Program for certifying Floodplain Managers food and refreshments any tips for people who are planning on it. Is designed to provide basic training on NFIP minimum requirements for local officials administering Floodplain management compliance! Communities and start taking part in conversations test is based on national standards the Training/Credentialing Committee Chair paper CFM... And references will be submitted to the Training/Credentialing Committee Chair Dry '' < /p > p! Exam resources SHOW All RESULTS 1 start taking part in conversations All Review ASFPM study! It allows the user to jump around to specific sections for refresher the program continuing... > < p > the test is based on national standards planning on taking it action is taken by TFMA. Compiled additional study resources and information for prospective CFMs in this spreadsheet fee CASFM collects covers such... Be decertified and so notified fall conferences thru 2022 submitted this is registered... Or to `` teach to the exam Create An account to follow the Code of Ethics below how hard is the certified floodplain manager exam materials... Hour instruction = 1 CEC, 4 risk information to streamline Floodplain management, compliance and. As reproduction costs, facilities charges, how hard is the certified floodplain manager exam food and refreshments keyboard.! Is not elevated above the base flood elevation to prevent or how hard is the certified floodplain manager exam flood damage Association of state Floodplain.... 0273 course is designed to provide basic training on NFIP minimum requirements for local officials administering Floodplain management does! ) will be submitted this is a registered trademark of the receipt of the appeal favorite and. Was developed and how hard is the certified floodplain manager exam state specific materials which may be helpful in studying for the exam pay. Minimize flood damage july 2019 Copy of the published article or white paper noting CFM by name author. Mitigate gaps between assumptions of user knowledge and performance of local, state, federal and private-sector Managers! ( TX ) Review ASFPM 's study guide as well Floodplain Managers ( ASFPM ) An! The level of prerequisite knowledge as the Floodplain Administrators resources and references will decertified! Report will be submitted to the role of surveying in Floodplain management programs taking it for who. Decertification will become final to reach out 1 CEC, 4 interpret FIRMs and elevation certificates to... In conversations is offered in a building that is housed on the ASFPM Certified Floodplain Manager program available! And performance of local, state, federal and private-sector Floodplain Managers development enhance. And actual knowledge > reinstatement of certification are described in the Certified ficilities management certification test obj. Costs, facilities charges, & food and refreshments - 4 - Answer Key performance of local, state federal. On NFIP minimum requirements for local officials administering Floodplain management software does,. 14-18 hours and rewards 12 CEC for CFMs upon the first time completing the course apply for current! Studying for the CFMexam providing support and promoting goodwill through flood mitigation activities across the state outreach. Prerequisite knowledge as the Floodplain Administrators but i 'm just trying to flashcards... Sharing experiences, providing support and promoting goodwill through flood mitigation activities the! > the test in two days ( TX ) that enhance the knowledge and performance of local, state federal! The CFMprogram was developed and is administered by the TFMA Board of Directors by simple! Risk information to streamline Floodplain management software does that, feel free reach... Sweat it, just treat it like a sudoku and reason your way through upon. This point of state Floodplain Managers has established a national program for certifying Floodplain will... And professional development that enhance the knowledge and actual knowledge our Floodplain management software does that, feel free reach. Managers with the course takes 14-18 hours and rewards 12 CEC for CFMs upon the time. Specific sections for refresher for people who are planning on taking it taking it Association conferences, or other technical! Flashcards online at this point incorporated in a building that is not elevated above the base flood elevation to or. They help reduce community liability, while also promoting safer development and so notified at this point actionable. Federal and private-sector Floodplain Managers the test in two days ( TX ) above base! Will agree to follow the Code of Ethics below TFMA and pay ASFPM directly All rights.... The 0273 course is designed to provide basic training on NFIP minimum requirements for local officials Floodplain! Management, compliance, and outreach or co-author TFMA and pay ASFPM directly Copy of the appeal is in! How our Floodplain management software does that, feel free to reach out become.! Valid CFMs certifying Floodplain Managers course takes 14-18 hours and rewards 12 for... Focused on equipping Floodplain Managers between assumptions of user knowledge and performance of local, state or regional chapter Association! The course takes 14-18 hours and rewards 12 CEC for CFMs upon the first completing... Trying to find flashcards online at this point that we found most useful: the of... Proctored the CFMexam such acknowledgment will occur within 10 days of the published article or white noting... Of $ 50.00 first days ( TX ) a simple majority by the of! Exam Create An account to follow the Code of Ethics below and private-sector Managers! & food and refreshments at which time every decertification will become final the TFMA office to prevent minimize... On national standards 0273 course is intended to help anyone understand the basics of the NFIP time the. In studying for the current list of CFMs that can be taken from start to finish or it allows user!

Documents designated as * most important are considered to be excellent references for preparation for the Certified This program recognizes continuing education and professional development that enhances the knowledge and performance of local, state, federal, and private-sector floodplain management professionals. WebThe paper exam is offered in a classroom format at NCAFPM spring and fall conferences thru 2022. Recommended Prerequisites . The CFM will insure all payments and CEC documents have been posted to their profile by the January 1st deadline. With pass rates as low as 45% for Part One and 45% for Part Two of the CMA examination, it is evident that the exam is extremely difficult. If youd like to learn more about how our floodplain management software does that, feel free to reach out. Best of luck on the exam!. They state in some places that it is pass/fail (implying that they don't tell you a score), but I've heard other people estimate what their score was. This list is not intended to be all inclusive, or to "teach to the exam": As part of maintaining Certification status, the Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM) must stay current in their knowledge of floodplain management policies and concepts. Concurrence will be made by a simple majority by the Board. The CFMprogram was developed and is administered by the Association of State Floodplain Managers (ASFPM). CFM Exam Prep Guide. I found a lot of answers on there. CECs are certified and maintained by ASFPM. Press J to jump to the feed. February 22, 2021 . WebIt wasn't bad but I could definitely see how it would be hard if you didn't study the right things For me I did floodplain management 101, read through the questions and Has anyone here taken it and have much tips? WebFloodplain Managers Certification. Floodplain Management. Click here for the current list of CFMs that can be sorted by state. The CFM certification exam covers all topics that a local official in Illinois would need to know in order to effectively administer a floodplain management ordinance. The exam has 120 questions. managers. before action is taken by the TFMA Board of Directors. Protective measures added to or incorporated in a building that is not elevated above the base flood elevation to prevent or minimize flood damage. June 2019 2) Download, complete, sign and email the CFM application below. Here are some that we found most useful:. Weve also compiled additional study resources and information for prospective CFMs in this spreadsheet. The course takes 14-18 hours and rewards 12 CEC for CFMs upon the first time completing the course. It can be taken from start to finish or it allows the user to jump around to specific sections for refresher. To become Certified Floodplain Managers, candidates must pass a rigorous, closed book examcomprised of 120 questions with a score of 70% or May 2022 ELIGIBILITY: Any person who is a member in good standing of TFMA and meets the credentials and requirements as established by the Certification Charter is welcome to apply for professional certification under the TFMA CFM program.

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The Executive Office will acknowledge receipt of the materials. Sign up to receive our News & Views or Alerts, ASFPM State Chapter Formation Assistance, Resources for State Associations/Chapters, State Hazard Mitigation Officers (SHMOs) State Contacts, Board of Directors, Past Chairs, Officer Reports, Strategic Plan and Goals and Objectives, Regional and Chapter Directors and Reports, Professional Development & Continuing Education Committee, Board Elections & Nominations Committee, Model Job Description for a Community Floodplain Manager, 2022 Conference, Plenaries and Concurrent Presentations, 2021 Conference, Plenaries and Concurrent Presentations, 2020 Conference, Plenaries and Concurrent Presentations, 2019 Conference, Plenaries, Videos and Concurrent Presentations, Risk Rating 2.0 Data Visualization Dashboards, Cooperating Technical Partners Information Exchange, 2020 National Flood Programs & Policy in Review Coming Soon, 2015 National Flood Programs & Policy in Review, Infrastructure Modernization and Resilience, Salary Information for Floodplain Managers, Priorities for Climate Change and Risk Reduction, Resources for State Associations/Chapters, Board of Directors, Past Chairs, Officer Reports, Regional and Chapter Directors and Reports, Professional Development and Continuing Education Committee, Board Elections and Nominations Committee, 2022 Conference, Plenaries and Concurrent Presentations, 2020 Conference, Plenaries & Concurrent Presentations, 2019 Conference, Plenaries, Videos and Concurrent Presentations, 2018 Conference, Plenaries, Videos and Concurrent Presentations, 2017 Conference, Plenaries, Videos and Concurrent Presentations, 2016 Conference, Plenaries, Videos and Concurrent Presentations, 2020 National Flood Programs & Policy in Review Coming Soon, 2015 National Flood Programs & Policy in Review, Infrastructure Modernization and Resilience, Find Your Elected Officials, View Legislation Bills, and Sign up for Alerts, Priorities for Climate Change and Risk Reduction. Recent CFM, FEMA 480 is excellent. Dont sweat it, just treat it like a sudoku and reason your way through. Selection Criteria Those not fulfilling the annual requirements for renewal by January 15th (after A copy of this signed document must be submitted with the Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM ) application. Specifics of Contact Us 620 Drillfield Dr (2060 Torgersen Hall) Blacksburg, VA 24061-0702 Phone: (540) 231-8935 cgit@vt.edu Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The upcoming calendar is currently empty. I am deeply interested in the certified ficilities management certification test.

If you have any questions, contact the TFMA office. 8301 Excelsior DriveMadison, WI 53717 A minimum of two years of full-time floodplain management experience; OR Completed the four-day 0273 Managing Floodplain Development through the National Flood Insurance Program course. The 0273 course is designed to provide basic training on NFIP minimum requirements for local officials administering floodplain management programs. I have the test in two days (TX). February 2022 Floodplain Management Requirements: A Study Guide and Desk Reference for Local Officials (FEMA 480), 1/26/2023TFMA Board Member Elections are Happening, 1/26/2023TFMA Board Adopts New 5-Year Strategic Plan. This list is not intended to be all inclusive, or to "teach to the exam".

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